In this paper, a novel risk-based, two-objective (technical AND economical) optimal reACTIVE POWER dispatch method in a wind-integrated POWER system is proposed which is more consistent with operational criteria.  The technical objective includes the minimization of the new voltage instability risk index. The economical objective includes cost minimization of reACTIVE POWER generation AND ACTIVE POWER loss. The proposed voltage instability risk employs a hybrid possibilistic (Delphi-Fuzzy)-probabilistic approach that takes into consideration the operator’s experience, the wind speed AND demAND forecast uncertainties when quantifying the risk index. The decision variables are the reACTIVE POWER resources of the system. To solve the problem, the modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with sine AND cosine acceleration coefficients is utilized. The method is implemented on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method is compared with those in the previously published literature, AND the results confirm that the proposed risk index is better at estimating the voltage instability risk of the system, especially in cases with severe impact AND low probability. In addition, according to the simulation results compared to typical security-based planning, the proposed risk-based planning may increase the security AND economy of the system due to better utilization of system resources.

This article investigates the problem of simultaneous attitude AND vibration control of a flexible spacecraft to perform high precision attitude maneuvers AND reduce vibrations caused by the flexible panel excitations in the presence of external disturbances, system uncertainties, AND actuator faults. Adaptive integral sliding mode control is used in conjunction with an attitude actuator fault iterative learning observer (based on sliding mode) to develop an ACTIVE fault tolerant algorithm considering rigid-flexible body dynamic interactions. The discontinuous structure of fault-tolerant control led to discontinuous commANDs in the control signal, resulting in chattering. This issue was resolved by introducing an adaptive rule for the sliding surface. Furthermore, the utilization of the sign function in the iterative learning observer for estimating actuator faults has not only enhanced its robustness to external disturbances through a straightforward design, but has also led to a decrease in computing workload. The strain rate feedback control algorithm has been employed with the use of piezoelectric sensor/actuator patches to minimize residual vibrations caused by rigid-flexible body dynamic interactions AND the effect of attitude actuator faults. Lyapunov's law ensures finite-time overall system stability even with fully coupled rigid-flexible nonlinear dynamics. Numerical simulations demonstrate the performance AND advantages of the proposed system compared to other conventional approaches.

This study addresses the problem of controlling a variable- speed wind turbine with a doubly fed ‎induction generator (DFIG) by control System that called One-Cycle control (OCC). Generator-side converter regulator speed AND Grid-side converter controls reACTIVE POWER AND voltage of the DC-Link. Proposed method under different conditions such as load change, fault AND nonlinear loads are studied. The whole DFIG wind turbine model is set up in Matlab/Simulink AND simulation has been done for a sample network in different conditions. Comparisons of OCC AND PWM control methods have been presented through simulations where OCC has demonstrated better features compared to PWM control.

In this paper, we propose a new method for solving of optimal operation problem of ACTIVE distribution networks (ADNs) in energy, spinning reserve service, AND reACTIVE POWER service markets using technical virtual POWER plant (TVPP) concept. TVPP with considering network AND its DER constraints provide ACTIVE operation of distribution network in order to maximize its profit. A security constraints price-based unit commitment (SCPBUC) model, whose security constraints are related to the supply-demAND balancing AND to the operation of distribution network, is proposed. In addition to optimal bidding in the markets, the proposed model results show that ADN with using VPP concept can operate its network securely. The presented model is a non-convex nonlinear mixed-integer optimization solved by mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP).

This paper proposes a 2.4 GHz ACTIVE mixer without passive inductor for the transceiver system. Taking into account the design requirements of the mixer, a double-balanced down-conversion structure with ACTIVE inductor AND negative resistance is designed. The proposed mixer with 130 nm CMOS technology is designed AND simulated using Cadence software at 1.5 V supply voltage. Although we had to compromise conversion gain with linearity, we were able to achieve very high conversion gain with average linearity. Based on the results of post-layout simulations, the conversion gain of 27.57 dB, IIP3 equal to -7.88 dBm, 1-dB compression point equal to -17.34 dBm AND IIP2 equal to 44.22 dBm with POWER consumption of 2.5 mW was obtained for the proposed mixer. The chip size without input AND output pads is 95.18 µm × 117.68 µm, which leads to a chip area of 0.0112mm2.

Non-linear loads are a major contributor to harmonics in the POWER system. Harmonics harm electrical network components by destroying the sinusoidal waveform of current AND voltage. The goal of this article is to provide AND control ACTIVE AND reACTIVE POWER, as well as to reduce network harmonic currents caused by non-linear loads. As a result, the proposed method decreases grid current harmonics by employing a battery energy storage system AND providing a control mechanism for it, in addition to managing AND supplying the amount of ACTIVE AND reACTIVE POWER of the nonlinear load individually. POWER control AND harmonic reduction are the two parts of the proposed control system. POWER control is done with classic PI controllers, whose coefficients are obtained with Ziegler-Nichols method, while harmonic reduction is done with PI-Fuzzy controllers. The current harmonic signal is sent into the PI-Fuzzy controller, while the main component (50 Hz) is isolated from it. The simulation results in three distinct scenarios demonstrate that the proposed approach can regulate the ACTIVE AND reACTIVE POWERs of the nonlinear load under different charging AND discharging situations, as well as reduce current harmonics up to the 31st harmonic.

In POWER smart grids, equipment AND electrical infrastructure AND information smart grids in order to increase efficiency, improved reliability AND reducing environmental pollution merged together. One of the basic challenges in such grids, increase uncertainty due to the use of distribution generation sources contain are renewable resources. In recent years has proposed the concept of the micro grid, it means a medium voltage distribution grid or low voltage grid includes distribution generation units, storage devices AND different controlling loads with operational capability in both cases grid-connected AND islANDed. Because micro grid in the islANDed, grid is with small POWER generation units, the smallest error it may be cause instability. It is therefore necessary so when passing through grid-connected to islAND make sure of sufficient storage in distribution generation generator according to their production capability curve in order to satisfy loads reACTIVE AND ACTIVE POWER. The main focus of this research is on distribution generation unit’s reACTIVE AND ACTIVE POWER scheduling for sustainable AND economic operation from a micro grid. The need for a sustainable transition from grid-connected to islAND in case of an error in grid is one of the most important constraints in the micro grids. Therefore, must to be investigated economic scheduling of distribution generation units a micro grid considering these constraints. It should be noted that consideration these constraints in reACTIVE AND ACTIVE POWER scheduling of distribution generation units can bring on more economic benefits in the steady pass from grid-connected to islAND. So, in this research will be presented formulation related to planning reACTIVE AND ACTIVE POWER of distribution generation units by maintaining the constraints that its objective function will be to minimize the cost of POWER generation.

Load balancing is an important issue in distributed systems. In addition, using distributed generation sources such as photovoltaic is increasing. POWER electronic converters are main interfaces between the sources AND the grid. In this paper, a method has been proposed to reduce the load imbalance in distribution networks using PV Grid Interface Converter. Two DC/DC AND DC/AC converters have been utilized for connecting PV to the grid. A control strategy is presented which enables the converter to compensate the load imbalance by injecting POWER of solar cells to the load AND grid. Simulation results by MATLAB/SIMULINK software indicate the ability of the proposed control method to reduce the load imbalance.